Paper of the month: "DFSZ Axion in the CMB"

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- body (String, 7900 characters )    The axion, being one of the mos...
 -    The axion, being one of the most well motivated solutions to the strong CP problem (Peccei and Quinn, 1977), has been phenomenologically tested in several different contexts. Despite its extremely feeble interactions with the Standard Model (SM) particles, it could leave sizeable imprints on cosmological and astrophysical observables, providing a precious insight on its properties. Depending on the axion mass, a relativistic axion population can be thermally produced in the early universe. Such a population would act as warm dark matter, leaving imprints in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). Observations and data of the CBM provide therefore constrains on the axion mass and couplings.     Unlike the KSVZ model, the axion couples at tree level to SM fermions in the DFSZ model. For this reason the DFSZ axion has been considered to explain the Xenon-1T excess (Aprile et al., 2020) and the Star cooling anomalies (Giannotti et al., 2017). In the recent paper by Ricardo Ferreira, Alessio Notari and Fabrizio Rompineve (Ferreira et al., 2020), the DFSZ axion has been analysed in light of the cosmological constraints coming from the CMB Planck 2018 data, BAO measurements, the SH0ES 2019 measurement and the Pantheon supernovae dataset. More particularly, they determine the range of DFSZ axion masses and couplings compatible with the current observations.    For masses <img alt="" src="/sites/default/files/images/Captura%20de%20pantalla%20(25).png" style="width: 75px; height: 16px;" />, the axion thermal population is produced through the axion-pion interactions at temperatures below the QCD phase transition (T <img alt="" src="/sites/default/files/images/Captura%20de%20pantalla%20(27).png" style="width: 15px; height: 15px;" /> 200 MeV). Remarkably, considering the model dependent couplings of the DFSZ axion, it is found that axion production from leptons, while negligible for DFSZ-I model, it can be the dominant production channel in the DFSZ-II model assuming that the axion-pion coupling is suppressed. According to that, for a maximal axion-pion coupling  <img alt="" src="/sites/default/files/images/Captura%20de%20pantalla%20(29).png" style="width: 70px; height: 14px;" />, they derive from the latest data sets a common bound to the type I and II models of <img alt="" src="/sites/default/files/images/Captura%20de%20pantalla%20(32).png" style="width: 70px; height: 15px;" />(95%CL), while in the pionphobic case <img alt="" src="/sites/default/files/images/Captura%20de%20pantalla%20(34).png" style="width: 70px; height: 15px;" /> the bound on the axion mass is <img alt="" src="/sites/default/files/images/Captura%20de%20pantalla%20(36).png" style="width: 120px; height: 15px;" /> (95%CL) in the DFSZ-I model (pion production) and <img alt="" src="/sites/default/files/images/Captura%20de%20pantalla%20(37).png" style="width: 70px; height: 15px;" /> (95%CL) in the DFSZ-II (lepton production). Moreover, combining these cosmological data to the hints from astrophysics (Isern et al., 2018; Viaux et al., 2013) and the Xenon-1T anomaly through a Gaussian likelihood on the axion-electron coupling, they find that most of the parameter space suitable to explain (separately) the latter hints is in fact ruled out by cosmology, Fig.(1) (for a combined analysis ruling out the axion solution to both the stellar and Xenon observations see (Di Luzio et al., 2020)). In particular, for the Xenon-1T case, they restrict the axion mass to the range <img alt="" src="/sites/default/files/images/Captura%20de%20pantalla%20(39).png" style="width: 100px; height: 14px;" /> for the DFSZ-II, while the bound in the DFSZ-I is <img alt="" src="/sites/default/files/images/Captura%20de%20pantalla%20(41).png" style="width: 70px; height: 14px;" /> For the stellar hint case, only the DFSZ-II model can be constrained since in the DFSZ-I scenario the thermal axion production is small in the stellar hint band. The bound is <img alt="" src="/sites/default/files/images/Captura%20de%20pantalla%20(43).png" style="width: 100px; height: 16px;" /> It is finally interesting to note that the Xenon-1T band can be probed by next generation CMB surveys in the DFSZ-I scenario (Fig.(1)).   <a href="/sites/default/files/images/BOUNDS.png"><img alt="" src="/sites/default/files/images/BOUNDS.png" style="width: 580px; height: 312px;" /></a> <div> Figure 1: Parameter region compatible with Xenon-1T excess (curvy gray) and stellar hints (hatched blue) for the DFSZ-I (left) and DFSZ-II (right) axion. Regions where <img alt="" src="/sites/default/files/images/Captura%20de%20pantalla%20(46).png" style="width: 13px; height: 17px;" /> Neff is large enough to be probed at 2o by Planck18 and CMB-S4 are shaded in dark and light gray, respectively (Ferreira et al., 2020). </div>       REFERENCES E. Aprile et al. Excess electronic recoil events in XENON1T. Phys. Rev. D, 102(7):072004, 2020. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD. 102.072004.   L. Di Luzio, M. Fedele, M. Giannotti, F. Mescia, and E. Nardi. Solar axions cannot explain the XENON1T excess. Phys. Rev. Lett., 125(13):131804, 2020. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.131804.   R. Z. Ferreira, A. Notari, and F. Rompineve. The DFSZ axion in the CMB. 12 2020.   M. Giannotti, I. G. Irastorza, J. Redondo, A. Ringwald, and K. Saikawa. Stellar Recipes for Axion Hunters. JCAP, 10:010, 2017. doi: 10.1088/1475-7516/2017/10/010.   J. Isern, E. Garcia-Berro, S. Torres, R. Cojocaru, and S. Catalan. Axions and the luminosity function of white dwarfs: the thin and thick discs, and the halo. Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc., 478(2):2569–2575, 2018. doi: 10.1093/mnras/sty1162.   R. D. Peccei and H. R. Quinn. CP Conservation in the Presence of Instantons. Phys. Rev. Lett., 38:1440–1443, 1977. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.38.1440.   N. Viaux, M. Catelan, P. B. Stetson, G. Raelt, J. Redondo, A. A. R. Valcarce, and A. Weiss. Neutrino and axion bounds from the globular cluster M5 (NGC 5904). Phys. Rev. Lett., 111:231301, 2013. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.231301.
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    The axion, being one of the most well motivated solutions to the strong CP problem (Peccei and Quinn, 1977), has been phenomenologically tested in several different contexts. Despite its extremely feeble interactions with the Standard Model (SM) particles, it could leave sizeable imprints on cosmological and astrophysical observables, providing a precious insight on its properties. Depending on the axion mass, a relativistic axion population can be thermally produced in the early universe. Such a population would act as warm dark matter, leaving imprints in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). Observations and data of the CBM provide therefore constrains on the axion mass and couplings.     Unlike the KSVZ model, the axion couples at tree level to SM fermions in the DFSZ model. For this reason the DFSZ axion has been considered to explain the Xenon-1T excess (Aprile et al., 2020) and the Star cooling anomalies (Giannotti et al., 2017). In the recent paper by Ricardo Ferreira, Alessio Notari and Fabrizio Rompineve (Ferreira et al., 2020), the DFSZ axion has been analysed in light of the cosmological constraints coming from the CMB Planck 2018 data, BAO measurements, the SH0ES 2019 measurement and the Pantheon supernovae dataset. More particularly, they determine the range of DFSZ axion masses and couplings compatible with the current observations.    For masses <img alt="" src="/sites/default/files/images/Captura%20de%20pantalla%20(25).png" style="width: 75px; height: 16px;" />, the axion thermal population is produced through the axion-pion interactions at temperatures below the QCD phase transition (T <img alt="" src="/sites/default/files/images/Captura%20de%20pantalla%20(27).png" style="width: 15px; height: 15px;" /> 200 MeV). Remarkably, considering the model dependent couplings of the DFSZ axion, it is found that axion production from leptons, while negligible for DFSZ-I model, it can be the dominant production channel in the DFSZ-II model assuming that the axion-pion coupling is suppressed. According to that, for a maximal axion-pion coupling  <img alt="" src="/sites/default/files/images/Captura%20de%20pantalla%20(29).png" style="width: 70px; height: 14px;" />, they derive from the latest data sets a common bound to the type I and II models of <img alt="" src="/sites/default/files/images/Captura%20de%20pantalla%20(32).png" style="width: 70px; height: 15px;" />(95%CL), while in the pionphobic case <img alt="" src="/sites/default/files/images/Captura%20de%20pantalla%20(34).png" style="width: 70px; height: 15px;" /> the bound on the axion mass is <img alt="" src="/sites/default/files/images/Captura%20de%20pantalla%20(36).png" style="width: 120px; height: 15px;" /> (95%CL) in the DFSZ-I model (pion production) and <img alt="" src="/sites/default/files/images/Captura%20de%20pantalla%20(37).png" style="width: 70px; height: 15px;" /> (95%CL) in the DFSZ-II (lepton production). Moreover, combining these cosmological data to the hints from astrophysics (Isern et al., 2018; Viaux et al., 2013) and the Xenon-1T anomaly through a Gaussian likelihood on the axion-electron coupling, they find that most of the parameter space suitable to explain (separately) the latter hints is in fact ruled out by cosmology, Fig.(1) (for a combined analysis ruling out the axion solution to both the stellar and Xenon observations see (Di Luzio et al., 2020)). In particular, for the Xenon-1T case, they restrict the axion mass to the range <img alt="" src="/sites/default/files/images/Captura%20de%20pantalla%20(39).png" style="width: 100px; height: 14px;" /> for the DFSZ-II, while the bound in the DFSZ-I is <img alt="" src="/sites/default/files/images/Captura%20de%20pantalla%20(41).png" style="width: 70px; height: 14px;" /> For the stellar hint case, only the DFSZ-II model can be constrained since in the DFSZ-I scenario the thermal axion production is small in the stellar hint band. The bound is <img alt="" src="/sites/default/files/images/Captura%20de%20pantalla%20(43).png" style="width: 100px; height: 16px;" /> It is finally interesting to note that the Xenon-1T band can be probed by next generation CMB surveys in the DFSZ-I scenario (Fig.(1)).   <a href="/sites/default/files/images/BOUNDS.png"><img alt="" src="/sites/default/files/images/BOUNDS.png" style="width: 580px; height: 312px;" /></a> <div> Figure 1: Parameter region compatible with Xenon-1T excess (curvy gray) and stellar hints (hatched blue) for the DFSZ-I (left) and DFSZ-II (right) axion. Regions where <img alt="" src="/sites/default/files/images/Captura%20de%20pantalla%20(46).png" style="width: 13px; height: 17px;" /> Neff is large enough to be probed at 2o by Planck18 and CMB-S4 are shaded in dark and light gray, respectively (Ferreira et al., 2020). </div>       REFERENCES E. Aprile et al. Excess electronic recoil events in XENON1T. Phys. Rev. D, 102(7):072004, 2020. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD. 102.072004.   L. Di Luzio, M. Fedele, M. Giannotti, F. Mescia, and E. Nardi. Solar axions cannot explain the XENON1T excess. Phys. Rev. Lett., 125(13):131804, 2020. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.131804.   R. Z. Ferreira, A. Notari, and F. Rompineve. The DFSZ axion in the CMB. 12 2020.   M. Giannotti, I. G. Irastorza, J. Redondo, A. Ringwald, and K. Saikawa. Stellar Recipes for Axion Hunters. JCAP, 10:010, 2017. doi: 10.1088/1475-7516/2017/10/010.   J. Isern, E. Garcia-Berro, S. Torres, R. Cojocaru, and S. Catalan. Axions and the luminosity function of white dwarfs: the thin and thick discs, and the halo. Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc., 478(2):2569–2575, 2018. doi: 10.1093/mnras/sty1162.   R. D. Peccei and H. R. Quinn. CP Conservation in the Presence of Instantons. Phys. Rev. Lett., 38:1440–1443, 1977. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.38.1440.   N. Viaux, M. Catelan, P. B. Stetson, G. Raelt, J. Redondo, A. A. R. Valcarce, and A. Weiss. Neutrino and axion bounds from the globular cluster M5 (NGC 5904). Phys. Rev. Lett., 111:231301, 2013. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.231301.
 
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 view (String, 4 characters ) body
 
 revision_information (Array, 3 elements)
 
 label (String, 20 characters ) Revision information
 
 description (String, 17 characters ) Node module form.
 
 weight (String, 1 characters ) 6
 
 author (Array, 3 elements)
 
 label (String, 21 characters ) Authoring information
 
 description (String, 17 characters ) Node module form.
 
 weight (String, 1 characters ) 5
 
 options (Array, 3 elements)
 
 label (String, 18 characters ) Publishing options
 
 description (String, 17 characters ) Node module form.
 
 weight (String, 1 characters ) 7
 
 comment_settings (Array, 3 elements)
 
 label (String, 16 characters ) Comment settings
 
 description (String, 20 characters ) Comment module form.
 
 weight (String, 2 characters ) 12
 
 menu (Array, 3 elements)
 
 label (String, 13 characters ) Menu settings
 
 description (String, 17 characters ) Menu module form.
 
 weight (String, 1 characters ) 3
 
 taxonomy (Array, 3 elements)
 
 label (String, 8 characters ) Taxonomy
 
 description (String, 21 characters ) Taxonomy module form.
 
 weight (Integer) -3
 
 path (Array, 3 elements)
 
 label (String, 13 characters ) Path settings
 
 description (String, 17 characters ) Path module form.
 
 weight (String, 2 characters ) 10
 
 attachments (Array, 4 elements)
 
 label (String, 16 characters ) File attachments
 
 description (String, 19 characters ) Upload module form.
 
 weight (String, 1 characters ) 9
 
 view (String, 5 characters ) files
 
 print (Array, 3 elements)
 
 label (String, 32 characters ) Printer, e-mail and PDF versions
 
 description (String, 18 characters ) Print module form.
 
 weight (String, 1 characters ) 8
 
 webfm_attachments (Array, 3 elements)
 
 label (String, 17 characters ) Webfm Attachments
 
 description (String, 33 characters ) Displays the attachments as table
 
 weight (String, 2 characters ) 11
 - print_links (Array, 2 elements)
 
 #value (String, 32 characters ) 
 
 #weight (Integer) -101
 - group_did_you_know (Array, 8 elements)
 
 group (Array, 5 elements)
 
 #title (String, 0 characters )
 
 #description (String, 0 characters )
 
 #type (String, 19 characters ) fieldgroup_fieldset
 
 #attributes (Array, 2 elements)
 
 class (String, 37 characters ) content-multigroup-group-did-you-know
 
 id (String, 18 characters ) group-did-you-know
 
 0 (Array, 7 elements)
 
 #title (String, 0 characters )
 
 #attributes (Array, 1 element)
 
 class (String, 47 characters ) content-multigroup-wrapper content-multigroup-0
 
 #weight (Integer) 0
 
 field_did_you_know_question (Array, 7 elements)
 
 field (Array, 11 elements)
 
 #type (String, 13 characters ) content_field | (Callback) content_field();
 
 #title (String, 8 characters ) Question
 
 #field_name (String, 27 characters ) field_did_you_know_question
 
 #access (Boolean) TRUE
 
 #label_display (String, 5 characters ) above
 
 #node (Object) stdClass
 
 ∞ (Recursion)
 
 #teaser (Boolean) FALSE
 
 #page (Boolean) FALSE
 
 #context (String, 4 characters ) full
 
 #single (Boolean) TRUE
 
 items (Array, 1 element)
 
 0 (Array, 7 elements)
 
 #item (Array, 3 elements)
 
 value (NULL)
 
 safe (String, 0 characters )
 
 #delta (Integer) 0
 
 #weight (Integer) 0
 
 #theme (String, 22 characters ) text_formatter_default
 
 #field_name (String, 27 characters ) field_did_you_know_question
 
 #type_name (String, 9 characters ) interview
 
 #formatter (String, 7 characters ) default
 
 #node (Object) stdClass
 
 ∞ (Recursion)
 
 #weight (String, 2 characters ) 13
 
 #post_render (Array, 1 element)
 
 0 (String, 33 characters ) content_field_wrapper_post_render | (Callback) content_field_wrapper_post_render();
 
 #field_name (String, 27 characters ) field_did_you_know_question
 
 #type_name (String, 9 characters ) interview
 
 #context (String, 4 characters ) full
 
 #delta (Integer) 0
 
 field_did_you_know_answer (Array, 7 elements)
 
 field (Array, 11 elements)
 
 #type (String, 13 characters ) content_field | (Callback) content_field();
 
 #title (String, 6 characters ) Answer
 
 #field_name (String, 25 characters ) field_did_you_know_answer
 
 #access (Boolean) TRUE
 
 #label_display (String, 5 characters ) above
 
 #node (Object) stdClass
 
 ∞ (Recursion)
 
 #teaser (Boolean) FALSE
 
 #page (Boolean) FALSE
 
 #context (String, 4 characters ) full
 
 #single (Boolean) TRUE
 
 items (Array, 1 element)
 
 0 (Array, 7 elements)
 
 #item (Array, 3 elements)
 
 value (NULL)
 
 safe (String, 0 characters )
 
 #delta (Integer) 0
 
 #weight (Integer) 0
 
 #theme (String, 22 characters ) text_formatter_default
 
 #field_name (String, 25 characters ) field_did_you_know_answer
 
 #type_name (String, 9 characters ) interview
 
 #formatter (String, 7 characters ) default
 
 #node (Object) stdClass
 
 ∞ (Recursion)
 
 #weight (String, 2 characters ) 14
 
 #post_render (Array, 1 element)
 
 0 (String, 33 characters ) content_field_wrapper_post_render | (Callback) content_field_wrapper_post_render();
 
 #field_name (String, 25 characters ) field_did_you_know_answer
 
 #type_name (String, 9 characters ) interview
 
 #context (String, 4 characters ) full
 
 #delta (Integer) 0
 
 #type (String, 35 characters ) content_multigroup_display_fieldset
 
 #fields (Array, 2 elements)
 
 field_did_you_know_question (Array, 17 elements)
 
 field_name (String, 27 characters ) field_did_you_know_question
 
 type_name (String, 9 characters ) interview
 
 display_settings (Array, 9 elements)
 
 label (Array, 2 elements)
 
 format (String, 5 characters ) above
 
 exclude (Integer) 0
 
 teaser (Array, 2 elements)
 
 format (String, 7 characters ) default
 
 exclude (Integer) 0
 
 full (Array, 2 elements)
 
 format (String, 7 characters ) default
 
 exclude (Integer) 0
 
 4 (Array, 2 elements)
 
 format (String, 7 characters ) default
 
 exclude (Integer) 0
 
 2 (Array, 2 elements)
 
 format (String, 7 characters ) default
 
 exclude (Integer) 0
 
 3 (Array, 2 elements)
 
 format (String, 7 characters ) default
 
 exclude (Integer) 0
 
 email_plain (Array, 2 elements)
 
 format (String, 7 characters ) default
 
 exclude (Integer) 0
 
 email_html (Array, 2 elements)
 
 format (String, 7 characters ) default
 
 exclude (Integer) 0
 
 token (Array, 2 elements)
 
 format (String, 7 characters ) default
 
 exclude (Integer) 0
 
 widget_active (String, 1 characters ) 1
 
 type (String, 4 characters ) text
 
 required (String, 1 characters ) 0
 
 multiple (String, 1 characters ) 1
 
 db_storage (String, 1 characters ) 0
 
 module (String, 4 characters ) text
 
 active (String, 1 characters ) 1
 
 locked (String, 1 characters ) 0
 
 columns (Array, 1 element)
 
 value (Array, 5 elements)
 
 type (String, 4 characters ) text
 
 size (String, 3 characters ) big
 
 not null (Boolean) FALSE
 
 sortable (Boolean) TRUE
 
 views (Boolean) TRUE
 
 text_processing (String, 1 characters ) 0
 
 max_length (String, 0 characters )
 
 allowed_values (String, 0 characters )
 
 allowed_values_php (String, 0 characters )
 
 widget (Array, 9 elements)
 
 rows (String, 1 characters ) 2
 
 size (Integer) 60
 
 default_value (Array, 1 element)
 
 0 (Array, 2 elements)
 
 value (String, 0 characters )
 
 _error_element (String, 59 characters ) default_value_widget][field_did_you_know_questi...
 
 default_value_widget][field_did_you_know_question][0][value
 
 default_value_php (NULL)
 
 label (String, 8 characters ) Question
 
 weight (String, 2 characters ) 13
 
 description (String, 0 characters )
 
 type (String, 13 characters ) text_textarea
 
 module (String, 4 characters ) text
 
 field_did_you_know_answer (Array, 17 elements)
 
 field_name (String, 25 characters ) field_did_you_know_answer
 
 type_name (String, 9 characters ) interview
 
 display_settings (Array, 9 elements)
 
 label (Array, 2 elements)
 
 format (String, 5 characters ) above
 
 exclude (Integer) 0
 
 teaser (Array, 2 elements)
 
 format (String, 7 characters ) default
 
 exclude (Integer) 0
 
 full (Array, 2 elements)
 
 format (String, 7 characters ) default
 
 exclude (Integer) 0
 
 4 (Array, 2 elements)
 
 format (String, 7 characters ) default
 
 exclude (Integer) 0
 
 2 (Array, 2 elements)
 
 format (String, 7 characters ) default
 
 exclude (Integer) 0
 
 3 (Array, 2 elements)
 
 format (String, 7 characters ) default
 
 exclude (Integer) 0
 
 email_plain (Array, 2 elements)
 
 format (String, 7 characters ) default
 
 exclude (Integer) 0
 
 email_html (Array, 2 elements)
 
 format (String, 7 characters ) default
 
 exclude (Integer) 0
 
 token (Array, 2 elements)
 
 format (String, 7 characters ) default
 
 exclude (Integer) 0
 
 widget_active (String, 1 characters ) 1
 
 type (String, 4 characters ) text
 
 required (String, 1 characters ) 0
 
 multiple (String, 1 characters ) 1
 
 db_storage (String, 1 characters ) 0
 
 module (String, 4 characters ) text
 
 active (String, 1 characters ) 1
 
 locked (String, 1 characters ) 0
 
 columns (Array, 1 element)
 
 value (Array, 5 elements)
 
 type (String, 4 characters ) text
 
 size (String, 3 characters ) big
 
 not null (Boolean) FALSE
 
 sortable (Boolean) TRUE
 
 views (Boolean) TRUE
 
 text_processing (String, 1 characters ) 0
 
 max_length (String, 0 characters )
 
 allowed_values (String, 0 characters )
 
 allowed_values_php (String, 0 characters )
 
 widget (Array, 9 elements)
 
 rows (String, 1 characters ) 5
 
 size (Integer) 60
 
 default_value (Array, 1 element)
 
 0 (Array, 2 elements)
 
 value (String, 0 characters )
 
 _error_element (String, 57 characters ) default_value_widget][field_did_you_know_answer...
 
 default_value_widget][field_did_you_know_answer][0][value
 
 default_value_php (NULL)
 
 label (String, 6 characters ) Answer
 
 weight (String, 2 characters ) 14
 
 description (String, 0 characters )
 
 type (String, 13 characters ) text_textarea
 
 module (String, 4 characters ) text
 
 #weight (String, 1 characters ) 2
 
 #depth (Integer) 0
 
 #post_render (Array, 1 element)
 
 0 (String, 30 characters ) fieldgroup_wrapper_post_render | (Callback) fieldgroup_wrapper_post_render();
 
 #group_name (String, 18 characters ) group_did_you_know
 
 #type_name (String, 9 characters ) interview
 
 #context (String, 4 characters ) full
 
 #group_parent (String, 0 characters )
Krumo version 0.2a
| http://krumo.sourceforge.net

Paper of the month: "DFSZ Axion in the CMB"

Krumo version 0.2a